Where Did Muhammad and and His Family Move to When They Left Mecce

Learning Objective

Explicate the basis for opposition to Muhammad

Key Points

Every bit Islam spread in Mecca, the ruling tribes began to oppose Muhammad'due south preaching and his condemnation of idolatry.
The Quraysh tribe controlled the Kaaba and drew their religious and political power from its polytheistic shrines, and so they began to persecute the Muslims and many of Muhammad's followers became martyrs.
When Muhammad's wife Khadijah and uncle Abu Talib both died in 619 CE, Abu Lahab assumed leadership of the Banu Hashim clan and withdrew the clan'south protection from Muhammad.
In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Yathrib in the Hijra to escape persecution, renaming the urban center Medina in honour of the prophet.
Among the start things Muhammad did to ease the longstanding grievances among the tribes of Medina was draft a document known as the Constitution of Medina.

Terms

Banu Hashim association

One of Mecca'southward prominent families and part of the Quraysh tribe.

Mecca

The birthplace of Muhammad and the site of Muhammad's first revelation of the Quran, this urban center is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam.

Hijra

The migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in June 622 CE.

Medina

Muhammad'southward destination during the Hijra, which became the ability base of Islam in its first century (renamed from Yathrib).

Muhammad Starts Preaching

During the first three years of his ministry, Muhammad preached Islam privately, mainly amidst his most relatives and close acquaintances. Co-ordinate to Muslim tradition, Muhammad's wife Khadija was the beginning to believe he was a prophet. She was followed by Muhammad'southward ten-twelvemonth-former cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib, close friend Abu Bakr, and adopted son Zaid. Co-ordinate to Islamic belief, in the fourth twelvemonth of Muhammad'south prophethood, around 613, he was ordered by God to make his propagation of this monotheistic faith public. Muhammad's primeval teachings were marked by his insistence on the oneness of God, the denunciation of polytheism, belief in the concluding judgment and its recompense, and social and economical justice.

Most Meccans ignored and mocked him, though a few became his followers. There were iii chief groups of early converts to Islam: younger brothers and sons of nifty merchants; people who had fallen out of the first rank in their tribe or failed to accomplish information technology; and the weak, more often than not unprotected foreigners.

Opposition in Mecca

According to Ibn Sad, one of Muhammad's companions, the opposition in Mecca started when Muhammad delivered verses that condemned idol worship and polytheism. However, the Quran maintains that it began when Muhammad started public preaching. As Islam spread, Muhammad threatened the local tribes and Meccan rulers because their wealth depended on the Kaaba. Muhammad's preaching was particularly offensive to his own Quraysh tribe because they guarded the Kaaba and drew their political and religious power from its polytheistic shrines.

The ruling tribes of Mecca perceived Muhammad as a danger that might cause tensions like to the rivalry of Judaism and Bedouin Polytheism in Yathrib. The powerful merchants in Mecca attempted to convince Muhammad to abandon his preaching by offer him admission into the inner circumvolve of merchants and an advantageous marriage. However, Muhammad turned down both offers.

At beginning, the opposition was bars to ridicule and sarcasm, but later morphed into agile persecution that forced a department of new converts to drift to neighboring Abyssinia (nowadays day Ethiopia). Upset by the rate at which Muhammad was gaining new followers, the Quraysh proposed adopting a mutual class of worship, which was denounced past the Quran.

Muhammad himself was protected from concrete harm equally long as he belonged to the Banu Hashim clan, only his followers were not then lucky. Sumayyah bint Khabbab, a slave of the prominent Meccan leader Abu Jahl, is famous as the first martyr of Islam; her main killed her with a spear when she refused to give up her faith. Bilal, another Muslim slave, was tortured by Umayyah ibn Khalaf, who placed more and more than rocks on his breast to force his conversion, until he died.

Death of Khadijah and Abu Talib in 619 CE

Muhammad's wife Khadijah and uncle Abu Talib both died in 619 CE, the yr that became known as the "year of sorrow." With the decease of Abu Talib, Abu Lahab assumed leadership of the Banu Hashim association. Soon after, Abu Lahab withdrew the clan'southward protection from Muhammad, endangering him and his followers. Muhammad took this opportunity to expect for a new dwelling house for himself and his followers. Afterward several unsuccessful negotiations, he found hope with some men from Yathrib (afterwards called Medina). The Arab population of Yathrib were familiar with monotheism and were prepared for the appearance of a prophet because a Jewish community existed there as well. They also hoped, by the ways of Muhammad and the new faith, to gain supremacy over Mecca; the Yathrib were jealous of its importance as the identify of pilgrimage. Converts to Islam came from well-nigh all Arab tribes in Medina; by June of the subsequent yr, seventy-five Muslims came to Mecca for pilgrimage and to meet Muhammad.

The Delegation from Medina

A delegation from Medina, consisting of the representatives of the twelve important clans of Medina, invited Muhammad every bit a neutral outsider to serve every bit the master arbitrator for the unabridged community. At that place was fighting in Yathrib (Medina) mainly involving its Arab and Jewish inhabitants for around a hundred years before 620. The recurring slaughters and disagreements over the resulting claims, especially subsequently the boxing of Bu'ath, in which all the clans were involved, fabricated information technology obvious that the tribal conceptions of blood feud and an eye for an heart were no longer workable unless there was one human with say-so to adjudicate in disputed cases. The delegation from Medina pledged themselves and their fellow citizens to accept Muhammad into their community and physically protect him as ane of their own.

The Hijra in 622 CE

The Hijra is the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina, 320 kilometers (200 miles) n, in 622 CE. Muhammad instructed his followers to immigrate to Medina until nearly all of them left Mecca. Co-ordinate to tradition, the Meccans, alarmed at the departure, plotted to assassinate Muhammad. In June 622, when he was warned of the plot, Muhammad slipped out of Mecca with his companion, Abu Bakr.

On the night of his departure, Muhammad'southward house was besieged by the appointed men of Quraysh. It is said that when Muhammad emerged from his business firm, he recited the a poesy from the Quran and threw a handful of dust in the direction of the besiegers, which prevented them seeing him. When the Quraysh learned of Muhammad'south escape, they appear a large advantage for bringing him back to them, alive or dead, and pursuers scattered in all directions. After 8 days' journey, Muhammad entered the outskirts of Medina, just did not enter the city directly. He stopped at a identify called Quba, some miles from the main city, and established a mosque in that location. After a fourteen-days stay at Quba, Muhammad started for Medina, participating in his first Friday prayer on the manner, and upon reaching the city was greeted cordially by its people.

Muhammad in Medina

Among the first things Muhammad did to ease the longstanding grievances among the tribes of Medina was draft a document known as the Constitution of Medina, "establishing a kind of brotherhood or federation" among the eight Medinan tribes and Muslim emigrants from Mecca. The document specified rights and duties of all citizens and the relationship of the dissimilar communities in Medina (including between the Muslim community and other communities, specifically the Jews and other "Peoples of the Book"). The community divers in the Constitution of Medina, Ummah, had a religious outlook, besides shaped by practical considerations, and substantially preserved the legal forms of the one-time Arab tribes.

The first group of pagan converts to Islam in Medina were the clans who had not produced great leaders for themselves simply had suffered from warlike leaders from other clans. This was followed by the general acceptance of Islam past the pagan population of Medina, with some exceptions.

Reconciliation and Consolidation of the Islamic Country

Effectually 628 CE, the nascent Islamic state was somewhat consolidated when Muhammad left Medina to perform pilgrimage at Mecca. The Quraysh intercepted him en route and made a treaty with the Muslims. Though the terms of the Hudaybiyyah treaty may have been unfavorable to the Muslims of Medina, the Quran declared it a clear victory. Muslim historians suggest that the treaty mobilized the contact between the Meccan pagans and the Muslims of Medina. The treaty demonstrated that the Quraysh recognized Muhammad as their equal and Islam as a rise ability.

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Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/flight-from-mecca-to-medina/